Table of C o n t e n t s
* Cover
* Frontmatter
o Half Title Page
o Other Titles
o Title Page
o Copyright
o Preface
* Chapter 1. Introduction to the machinery safety workshop
o 1.1 Scope and objectives
o 1.2 Machinery and controls
o 1.3 Distinction between machinery and process safety control systems
o 1.4 International standards and practices
o 1.5 Introduction to hazards and risks
o 1.6 Risk reduction
o 1.7 The Alarp principle for tolerable risk
o 1.8 Development example for a machinery safety system
o 1.9 The engineering tasks
o 1.10 Benefits of the systematic approach
o 1.11 Conclusions
* Chapter 2. Guide to regulations and standards
o 2.1 Purpose and objectives
o 2.2 History and overview of European Directives and Standards
o 2.3 The European Machinery Directive
o 2.4 Conformity procedures
o 2.5 Other New Approach Directives
o 2.6 User side directives: workplace health and safety legislation
o 2.7 Some machinery safety standards
o 2.8 Regulations and standards in the USA
o 2.9 Conclusions
o References
* Chapter 3. Risk assessment and risk reduction
 summary
o 3.1 Purpose and objectives
o 3.2 Introduction to risk assessment
o 3.3 Procedure for risk assessment
o 3.4 Hazard study methods
o 3.5 Risk estimation
o 3.6 Risk reduction principles
o 3.7 Outcomes of the risk assessment
o 3.8 Documentation methods for the risk assessment
o 3.9 Conclusions
o References
* Chapter 4. Design procedures for safety controls
 summary
o 4.1 Introduction to design techniques
o 4.2 Review of design standard EN 954-1
o 4.3 Procedure for the design of safety controls based on EN 954
o 4.4 Design considerations
o 4.5 Safety categories
o 4.6 Conclusions
o References
* Chapter 5. Emergency-stop monitoring and the safety relay
o 5.1 Introduction
o 5.2 Definitions and implications of stop functions
o 5.3 Safety relay terminology
o 5.4 How does an E-stop safety relay work?
o 5.5 Practical safety relays
o 5.6 Certification
o 5.7 Functional overview of monitoring relays
o 5.8 Electronic and programmable E-stop monitors
o 5.9 Using monitoring safety relays for guards (safety gate monitors)
o 5.10 Review of other monitoring relay functions
o 5.11 Conclusions
o References
* Chapter 6. Sensors and devices for machinery protection
 summary
o 6.2 Purpose and objectives
o 6.3 Review of guards
o 6.4 Sensing devices for guards
o 6.5 Mechanical trapped key interlocking
o 6.6 Presence sensing devices
o 6.7 Control devices for safety
o 6.8 Safety networks and sensors
o 6.9 Conclusions
* Chapter 7. Application guidelines for protection devices
o 7.1 Introduction
o 7.2 Choosing protection methods
o 7.3 Guarding devices
o 7.4 Point of operation devices
o 7.5 Application guidance notes for light curtains
o 7.6 Conclusions
* Chapter 8. Programmable systems for safety controls
o 8.1 Introduction
o 8.2 Benefits and disadvantages of safety PLCs
o 8.3 Characteristics of safety PLCs
o 8.4 Application software
o 8.5 Safe networking
o 8.6 Classification and certification of safety PLCs
o 8.7 Summary
o References
* Chapter 9. Introduction to standards for programmable systems
o 9.1 Introduction
o 9.2 Objectives
o 9.3 Outline of IEC 61508
o 9.4 Concept of SILs
o 9.5 How can we determine the required SIL for a safety function?
o 9.6 Some implications of IEC 61508 for machinery systems
o 9.7 Summary
o 9.8 Conclusion
o References
o Appendix: Notes on the method for the determination of SILs for a machinery safety application
* Appendix A: References and sources of information on machinery safety
* Appendix B: Glossary
* Appendix C: Notes on tolerable risk
* Appendix D: Notes on PUWER
* Appendix E: Guide to fault tree analysis
o E.1 Functions of the gates
o E.2 Event symbols
o E.3 Adding risk reduction measures in FTA
* Practical exercises
o Exercise 1: Calculating risk parameters
o Exercise 2: Developing safety requirements
o Exercise 3: Risk assessment and risk reduction
o Exercise 4: Application of fault tree analysis
o Exercise 5: Outline design of a safety system
o Exercise 6: Calculating safety distance for a light curtain application
* Answers to practical exercises
o Exercise 1
o Exercise 2
o Exercise 3
o Exercise 4
o Exercise 5
o Exercise 6
* Index

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