Microcontroller is a small chip that contains inside it a CPU, ROM, RAM,EEPROM, and ALU .these components process microcontroller operation .microcontroller is a chip contains multi-chip inside it as ADC(analogue to digital converter) which deals with sensor ,SPI(serial peripheral interface) which deals with transmit and receive data from or to microcontroller…………………………….
The topic is too big, so let me complete my final exams and I will cover it